Question 1

Maggi is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. You can inform Maggi that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   insulates her brittle bones until proper cartilage is formed
B)   is a trend that will continue into middle childhood
C)   serves to strengthen her muscles
D)   helps her maintain a constant body temperatureE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

__________ depth cues arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

Accepted Answer

A)   Binocular
B)   Dimensional
C)   Pictorial
D)   PatternedE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

__________ increases steadily, reaching 20/80 by 6 months and an adult level of about 20/20 by 4 years.

Accepted Answer

A)   Contrast sensitivity
B)   Visual acuity
C)   Depth perception
D)   Pattern perceptionE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

__________ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population.

Accepted Answer

A)   Nighttime separation of baby from parent
B)   Parent‒infant cosleeping
C)   Imposing a strict infant sleep schedule
D)   Infant crib sleepingE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

As neurons form connections, stimulation __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   becomes unnecessary
B)   results in fewer and fewer synapses
C)   becomes vital to their survival
D)   causes synaptic pruningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Most chubby babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   become overweight adults
B)   are bottle-fed rather than breastfed
C)   are less active than normal-weight babies
D)   thin out during toddlerhood and early childhoodE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

The prefrontal cortex __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is the cortical region that develops first
B)   is responsible for controlling body movement
C)   functions at an adult level of synaptic connections from birth
D)   undergoes especially rapid formation during the preschool and school yearsE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

In classical conditioning, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   babies learn by observing others; they can imitate the facial expressions of adults
B)   a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response
C)   the strength of a response is gradually reduced due to repetitive stimulation
D)   infants act on the environment, and stimuli that follow change the probability that the behavior will occur againE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)   Heredity
B)   Body weight
C)   A quiet environment
D)   Early experienceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

In Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   most new mothers are encouraged by hospitals to use commercial formula
B)   nearly 80 percent of babies are exclusively breastfed for the first six months
C)   one-third of babies are fully weaned from the breast before 1 year
D)   mothers are well-informed about the benefits of breastfeedingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is a rare practice among American women.
B)   leads directly to later obesity
C)   is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation
D)   offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infectionsE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

The __________ contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses.

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebral cortex
B)   cerebellum
C)   medulla
D)   hippocampusE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.

Accepted Answer

A)   the first year
B)   the second year
C)   middle childhood
D)   adolescenceE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

When the diets of severely malnourished children improve, they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   continue to undereat
B)   rarely have lasting damage
C)   rarely show catch-up growth
D)   tend to gain excessive weightE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are blank slates
B)   impose meaning on what they perceive
C)   actively search for discontinuous stimuli
D)   seek variant features in the environmentE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with solid foods added at __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   6 months; 4 months
B)   1 year; 4 months
C)   1 year; 6 months
D)   2 years; 6 monthsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Terry and Ahmad plan to adopt 3-year-old Oleg, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. Terry and Ahmad should know that early, prolonged institutionalization __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fosters resilience in later childhood and adolescence
B)   increases the brain's capacity to manage stress
C)   leads to a decrease in size and activity in the cerebral cortex
D)   has little impact on intellectual developmentE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Yolanda, age 2, is being raised in a single-parent American household. Although her mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda most likely suffers from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   marasmus
B)   anorexia
C)   kwashiorkor
D)   food insecurityE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

According to the __________ trend, the head develops more rapidly during the prenatal period than the lower part of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)   cranial
B)   neuroproximal
C)   proximodistal
D)   cephalocaudalE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

__________ are responsible for myelination.

Accepted Answer

A)   Neurons
B)   Neurotransmitters
C)   Glial cells
D)   SynapsesE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

In Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yolanda, age 2, is being raised in a single-parent American household. Although her mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda most likely suffers from __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the diets of severely malnourished children improve, they __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Terry and Ahmad plan to adopt 3-year-old Oleg, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. Terry and Ahmad should know that early, prolonged institutionalization __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ depth cues arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, babies __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with solid foods added at __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the __________ trend, the head develops more rapidly during the prenatal period than the lower part of the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prefrontal cortex __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most chubby babies __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ are responsible for myelination.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ increases steadily, reaching 20/80 by 6 months and an adult level of about 20/20 by 4 years.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As neurons form connections, stimulation __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maggi is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. You can inform Maggi that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age , with solid foods added at .

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